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Oxfordshire (Oxford, Banbury, Witney, Bicester,
Henley-on-Thames, Carterton, Thame)
In 1071 the Norman lord Robert D'Oily
built Oxford Castle. He must have felt some unease within his new
domain, for the castle was fortified both against the city and the
world at large.
Sometime in the late 11th or early 12th century Oxford became a
centre of learning for training clerics. On this base the uncertain
history of Oxford Uniersity must stand. We don't know more precisely
when a school or university was established. In some ways Oxford
University was never really founded, it simply evolved. More than
that it is impossible to say.
By the 13th century Oxford was firmly established as an academic
centre, drawing students from all across Europe. Studies were
centred on houses established by the Dominicans (1221), Fransiscans
(1224), Carmelites (1256), and Augustinians (1267. For a more
in-depth look at the history of Oxford University click here.
Despite Oxford's growth during the medieval period, not all was
smooth sailing. A calamitous fire in 1138 burned the city to the
ground. John Rous, writing in his 1490 work Historium Regum Angliae,
claims that a city called Caer-Memre was built on the Thames River
by King Mempricius during the time that Samuel was Judge in Judea.
This would put the origins of Oxford at
between 1400-1500 BCE. Mempricius' city was known by a variety
of names before the Saxon "Oxenfordia" took hold.
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